Draft II_Major
Project
Antioxidant,
antimutagenic and antibacterial activities of curcumin-β-diglucoside
Parvathy et al. (2009) conducted to prepare
curcumin-β-diglucoside as a curcumin prodrug and to determine water solubility,
antioxidant, antimutagenic and antibacterial activities of its by comparing
with curcumin. Curcumin is
a natural compound in turmeric, which has various pharmacological activities.
However, curcumin has a low oral bioavailability because of its low water
solubility and instability in aqueous and basic solutions. The use of a prodrug
approach as a chemical and biochemical stabilization to
overcome various barriers which can increase water solubility and stability. Curcumin-β-diglucoside
was synthesized by glycosylation of curcumin at the phenolic hydroxyl group. Evaluation
of water solubility found that curcumin-β-diglucoside was soluble in water at
10 mg/ml concentration, whereas curcumin was insoluble in water. The antioxidant
activity showed that radical scavenging values of curcumin-β-diglucoside and curcumin
were 50% and 41%, respectively. The antimutagenicity by protection the
mutagenicity of sodium azide to Salmonella typhimurium demonstrated that
the both of curcumin-β-diglucoside and curcumin afforded high activity. The
antibacterials activity in Staphylococcus
aureus and Escherichia coli found that curcumin-β-diglucosides had
antibacterials activitiy with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) 0.051 and 0.469 µM,
respectively, whereas, curcumin had antibacterials activitiy with MIC 0.081 and 0.611 µM,
respectively. These activities between curcumin-β-diglucoside
and curcumin were not significantly different. The researchers suggested that
conjugation of the phenolic hydroxyl group of curcumin with sugar moiety improved
only the water solubility of curcumin but does not affect its antioxidant,
antimutagenic and antibacterial activities.
This
study provides scientific evidence to synthesis
curcumin-β-diglucoside as a curcumin prodrug for improve the
problems of curcumin. However, there are some limitations.
1)
The
researchers did not explained method and analysis of solubility in the water of
curcumin and curcumin prodrug.
2)
This study did not investigate the
stability property. Curcumin-β-diglucoside
should be determined stability property in aqueous and basic solution, which is
an important problem of curcumin
bioavailability (Zhang et al., 2011).
3)
This study investigated the activities
of curcumin prodrug by using in vtro model may render of not
significance in the results because prodrug refers to a pharmacologically
inactive compound that is transformed by enzymes such as esterase, phosphatase
and carboxylase in the mammalian system into an active substance by either
chemical or metabolic process (Hosokawa, 2008). Therefoer, this study should be
investigated the activities of curcumin prodrug by using in vivo model
too.
The
strength of this study is that synthesis of curcumin prodrug by conjugation of
the phenolic hydroxyl group of curcumin with sugar, which had a solubility
property and non-toxicity. Effects of curcumin prodrug determine by comparing
with curcumin, which is the parent
compound. Moreover, this study is the clearly the methodology for synthesis and
analysis of curcumin prodrug.
References
Hosokawa, M.
(2008). Structure and catalytic properties of carboxlyesterase isozymes involved in metabolic activation of prodrugs. Molecules, 13, 412-431.
Parvathy,
K. S., Negi, P. S., & Srinivas, P. (2009). Antioxidant, antimutagenic and
antibacterial activities of curcumin-β-diglucoside. Food
Chemistry, 115, 523-530.
Zhang,
F., Koh, G. Y., Jeansonne, D. P., Hollingsworth, J., Russo, P. S., Vicente, G.,
Stout, R. W., & Liu, Z. (2011). A novel solubility-enhanced curcumin
formulation showing stability and maintainance of anticancer activity. Journal
of pharmaceutical sciences, 100(7), 2778-2789.